作者:城市网 来源:城市网学院 更新日期：2013-3-7
… could have V-ed …
结构︰主词+could have+过去分词
说明︰此句型意为“原本能够…但却未如此”。
He could have bought the car, but soon his #pany went bankrupt.
他本来能买那辆车的，但没多久他的公司就倒闭了。
He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind.
他原本能按预定进度做完这件事的，但不知怎地却落後了。
I could have done it if I had wanted to. 如果我那时想做，我能做得到的。
… should have V-ed …
结构︰主词+should/ought to have+过去分词
说明︰此句型意为“原本应当…但却未如此”。此<句型>表示没有实现之过去的行为、状态，含有讲话者的责难或遗憾之意。
You should have spoken up in the meeting. 会谈时你实在应该发言（然而你却没有）。
He should at least have #e to say good-by. 他至少也该来道个别（然而却没来）。
He ought to have kept his promise. 他原本应该遵守自己的诺言。
You should have been more careful in money matters. 在钱方面，你本当更小心点的。
He ought to have arrived there by now. 他现在应该已经到那里了。
The drama drew a capacity audience; you should have gone to see it.
这出戏吸引了满场观众；你真该去看的。
I should have known better
结构︰主词+should have known better（than to+原形动词）
说明︰此句型意为“本来不应该那样笨（而…）”，是指已经做过之事，而 know better（不致那样笨）是指未做之事。
I should have known better. 我本来不应该那样笨。
You should have known better than to talk like that. 你本应更懂事而不致说这样的话。
You should have known better than to go mountain climbing alone.
你本来不该笨得单独去爬山。
I know better than to go swimming after dinner. 我不致笨得吃过饭就去游泳。
… need not have V-ed …
结构︰主词+need not have+过去分词
说明︰此句型意为“原本不必…但却…”。表示“与过去事实相反”的<假设语气>，即做了没有必要做的事。而“didn't need to+原形<动词>”则表示“过去的事实”，译为“当时不必…而且也没…”。need not have 在<疑问句>中表对过去之必要性的强烈疑问，即“有…的必要吗？”。
You need not have bought extra oil for this short trip.在这麽短的旅程中，你实在没有必要多买油。
You need not have got up so early. 你不必起得那麽早。
Need he have gone to the station to meet her? 他有必要到车站去接她吗？
He need not have #e. （But he came.） 当时他不必来。（但却来了）
He didn't need to #e. （And he didn't #e.） 当时他不必来。（而且也没来）
It was fine that day, so I need not have brought an umbrella with me.
那天天气很好，我原本不必带伞的（但却带了）。
含代名词之句型
It is warm in …
结构︰It is+天气+in+四季名称。
说明︰此句型意为“在某季节天气是…”。it 此处指天气=the weather;<介系词> in，常加在四季名称的前面。
It is warm in spring. 春天天气是暖和的。
It is cold in winter. 冬天天气是寒冷的。
It is hot in summer. 夏天天气是炎热的。
It rains a lot in …
结构︰It rains/snows+a lot+in+地方。
说明︰此句型意为“在某地下很多的雨/雪”。<代名词> it 可用於指“天候”，如下雨，下雪等。常放在句首，当<主词>。rain 当“下雨”解，是<动词>，a lot 当<副词>，用於修饰<动词>。相当於 very much。
It rains a lot in Taipei. 在台北下很多的雨。
It snows a lot in New York. 在纽约下很多的雪。
It showers a lot in Guangzhou. 在广州下很多阵雨。
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